The History of Books in Prisons: A Journey of Liberation and Controversy

The history of books in prisons is as old as the concept of incarceration itself. Over the centuries, books have served various roles behind bars: sources of rehabilitation, education, and sometimes controversy. This post explores the evolving relationship between literature and the prison system, highlighting key moments and the impact of books on those who are incarcerated.

Early Beginnings

The use of books in prisons can be traced back to the 19th century, with the establishment of prison libraries considered a significant step towards the moral rehabilitation of prisoners. In the early days, religious texts, especially the Bible, were the most commonly available books, provided with the intent of moral instruction and repentance. Researchers like Elizabeth Fry, a noted prison reformer in the 19th century, advocated for the establishment of prison libraries as a means of improving the conditions and moral fabric of prisoners (Fry, 1827).

The Progressive Era

By the turn of the 20th century, the focus began to shift towards education and vocational training. The Progressive Era saw a significant push for prison reform, with education being seen as a key component of rehabilitation. Libraries expanded beyond religious texts to include educational books, fiction, and non-fiction, aiming to provide a more rounded education for inmates. Studies conducted in the early 1900s demonstrated the positive effects of reading on inmate behavior and prison atmosphere (Smith, 1911).

The Rise of Rehabilitation

The mid-20th century marked a period when the rehabilitation model gained prominence in the criminal justice system. Books and education programs were considered essential tools for rehabilitating inmates and preparing them for reentry into society. Notable works from this period include studies on the impact of educational programs in reducing recidivism (Johnson, 1963).

Controversy and Censorship

Despite the positive role of books in prisons, the late 20th and early 21st centuries saw an increase in book bans and censorship within prisons. Restrictions on content considered “dangerous” or “inappropriate” led to debates about the rights of inmates to access literature and information. The American Library Association has documented cases of censorship and advocates for the right to read in prison settings (ALA, 2002).

The Digital Age

The advent of the digital age brought new opportunities and challenges for prison libraries. While e-books and digital resources offer potential for greater access to materials, they also introduce issues of digital rights management and access control. The balance between providing access to information and maintaining security remains a topic of discussion among prison educators and reformers (Digital Prison Project, 2018).

Conclusion

Books have played a complex role in the history of prisons, seen by turns as tools for rehabilitation, education, and, controversially, as objects of censorship. The ongoing evolution of prison libraries reflects broader changes in attitudes towards incarceration, rehabilitation, and the rights of the incarcerated. As we move forward, the challenge remains to ensure that books continue to serve as windows to the wider world for those behind bars.